Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians, Saxon Ruler

Aethelflaed (Ethelfleda) was the eldest child and daughter of Alfred the Great and sister of Edward the Elder, king of Wessex (ruled 899-924). Her mother was Ealhswith, who was from the ruling family of Mercia. Who She Was   She married Aethelred, lord  (ealdorman) of Mercia,  in 886. They had a daughter, Ælfwynn. Aethelflaeds father Alfred put London in the care of his son-in-law and daughter. She and her husband supported the Church, giving generous grants to local religious communities. Aethelred joined her husband Aethelred and her father in fighting against Danish invaders. How Aethelred Died In 911 Aethelred was killed in battle with the Danes, and Aethelflaed became the political and military ruler of the Mercians. She may have been the de facto ruler for a few years during her husbands illness. After her husbands death, the people of Mercia gave her the title Lady of the Mercians, a feminine version of the title that her husband had held. Her Legacy She built fortresses in western Mercia as a defense against invading and occupying Danes. Aethelflaed took an active role, and led her forces against the Danes at Derby and captured it, and then defeated them at Leicester. Aethelflaed even invaded Wales in retribution for the killing of an English Abbott and his party. She captured the wife of the king and 33 others and held them as a hostage. In 917, Aethelflaed captured Derby and was able to take power in Leicester. The Danes there submitted to her rule. Final Resting Place In 918, the Danes in York offered their allegiance to Aethelflaed as protection against Norwegians in Ireland. Aethelflaed died that year. She was buried at the monastery of St. Peter at Gloucester, one of the monasteries built with funds from her Aethelred and Aethelflaed. Aethelflaed was succeeded by her daughter Aelfwyn, whom Aethelflaed had made a joint ruler with her. Edward, who already controlled Wessex, seized the kingdom of Mercia from Aelfwyn, took her captive, and thus solidified his control over most of England. Aelfwyn is not known to have married and may have gone to a convent. Edwards son, Aethestan, who ruled 924-939, was educated at the court of Aethelred and Aethelflaed. Known for:  defeating the Danes at Leicester and Derby, invading Wales Occupation:  Mercian ruler (912-918) and military leader Dates:  872-879? - June 12, 918 Also known as:  Ethelfleda, Ethelflaed,  Aelfled, Æthelflà ¦d, Aeoelfled Family Father: Alfred the Great (Ælfred), ruled Wessex 871-899.  He was the son of  Ãƒâ€ thelwulf, King of Wessex and his first wife, Osburh (Osburga).  Mother: Ealhswith of the Gaini, daughter of  Ãƒâ€ thelred Mucil  of the Gaini tribe and Eadburh, a Mercian royal.  As was Saxon custom, she was not crowned or titled queen.Brother: Edward the Elder, king of Wessex (ruled 899-924)Sister: Aethelgiva, Abbess of ShaftesburyBrother: Aethelwaerd (three sons with no descendants)Sister:  Aelfthryth, married Baldwin, Count of Flanders (Aelfthryth was the 4th great-grandmother of  Matilda of Flanders, married to William the Conqueror, and thus an ancestor of later British royalty)Husband: Aethelred (Ethelred, Æthelrà ¦d), Earl of MerciaDaughter: Aelfwyn (Aelfwynn, Ælfwynn, Ælfwyn,  Elfwina)

Analyse the Dramatic Uses of the Chorus in Greek Tragedy;...

The full influence of Greek tragedy upon our modern theatre is incomprehensible, with the mainstays of theatrical convention largely demonstrating roots within Greek tragedy. The choric function is just one of these conventions. This essay hopes to explore various uses of the Chorus within Greek tragedies by Aeschylus and Sophocles, and then to analyse how traits of a Greek Chorus, and the choric function can be found within 20th Century Theatre. The Chorus in Greek tragedy was a large group (it is suggested between 12 and 30) of people who sang or chanted songs and poems that helped set the scene of the play, bring the audience up to date with the events preceding the play and inform the audience of any political or social consequences†¦show more content†¦They explain, ‘Fears a good gateman to stand guard of the passions (page 100). For Sophocles the Chorus has yet again a more reduced role, as more actors are introduced into his plays. The focus yet again turns towards dialogue between characters, and away from interaction purely between actor and Chorus. The Sophoclean Chorus is not emotionally separate from the action, it is involved emotively with the story being portrayed, and can show sympathy (and in contrast, hatred) towards the events on the stage. In Sophocles Oedipus the King the Chorus function as witnesses to the downfall of Oedipus from proud monarch to blind, helpless man. The Chorus first speech to Oedipus describes the plague that has infected the city. As Oedipus insists he wants to find the murderer of Laius, the Chorus suggest that he ask Teiresias (page 194). The Chorus here prompts the actor to step further towards his impending fate. The Chorus also prove to be a calming influence, trying to mediate between Teiresias, Oedipus, Creon and Jocasta at various points within the play. They also are still optimistic when the truth is nearly out, telling Oedipus to, ‘hope, until you hear from the man who saw what happened (page 216). The Chorus within

The Market Value versus Book Value Free Solution

Questions: 1. Analyze Visas income and expenditure.2. How is marketing accounted for at Visa Inc.? 3. Explain Visa Inc.s balance sheet.4. What is the relationship between book value and market value? 5. How should we value brands? What are the challenges? 6. What is the impact of accounting decisions on the ratios? Answers: 1. Analyze Visas income and expenditure. What is the primary source of Visas revenues? Who is it specifically (banks? Customers? Stores?) Service Revenue segment is the primary source of Visas Revenue. It is provided that Visa earns its revenue by providing resources as well as information amongst the banks, customer, merchant and collecting the fee on the basis of number or dollar value of transaction which it process. Banks are specifically more revenue generator in comparison to others (Visa (V). (2016) Which source of revenue has the highest growth rate (2009 to 2013) On the basis of available data it has been clearly indicated that Data processing revenue has higher growth rate (2009- 2013) approx 91% While Visas business model is described as a technology payments company, Visa Inc. does not fall under the typical definition of a technology company. What is the largest category of expense on its PL? Even though Visas business Model is described as a technology payment company, Personnel expenses is considered as a largest category of expense as mention in the PL Account. Other observations re Visas income and expenditures In regard to other expenses, there is decrease in the marketing expense since 2009 which states that good sign for the company. Administrative expenses are same as 2012 means there are some management in the expenses. At the end increase on other expense is implied due to inflation from year to year 2. How is marketing accounted for at Visa Inc.? Does the income statement fairly value the impact of the marketing expense? If not, where does the value from the marketing expense show up? In my opinion, marketing expenses as mentioned in the P L Account is the fair value because Visa being brand has achieved its maximum market however it is required to market the same /services etc. Hence market expense will be there all the time (Visa (V). (2016) Other thoughts? No other thought. 3. Explain Visa Inc.s balance sheet. What has visa been doing with its earnings particularly in 2013 On the basis of annual reports, it is clear that Visa uses its earning for payment of dividend repurchase of Class A common stock. However, in 2013 it has been observed that large amount has been paid by Visa to repurchase of Class A common stock. What type of asset carries most of Visas book value? How does this differ from a manufacturing company? Good will seems to be an asset carries most of Visas Book value. Other observations? In regard to other elements, there is decrease in current liabilities which show good performance of the VISA 4. That is the relationship between book value and market value? Is the market to book ratio growing? Yes, as pr the scenario given it clearly indicates that market to book ratio is growing Why is the market value greater than the book value? Book value means value of the business in accordance with the financial statement it is calculated from the balance sheet however, market value means the price in accordance with the prevailing market or stock market for (shares Gad, S. (2013). 5. How should we value brands? What are the challenges? Does it appear that the valuation of the brand is an exact science? What was the range of valuations from the agencies that estimate the value of the brand? Yes, it is appearing that the valuation is an exact science. Further, renege of valuation can be as follows: Comparing of the DCF Value for the firm along with intangible with the firm without 1. Assuming that all the excess returns are due to the intangibles 2. Comparing the multiples where the firm trades to the sector averages. 6. What is the impact of accounting decisions on the ratios? Marketing expenses are expensed on the income statement as they are incurred but the benefit is more like a capital expense something that has a long term impact in strengthening the brand. If you treated it at a long term investment likes plant and equipment not as a short term expense What would be the impact in the income statement? Impact on income statement if marketing expense is treated as assets Profit will increase by the amount of marketing expense such as in 2013 profit would increase by$876 Depreciation will increase according to the rate of depreciation Balance sheet? Impact on Balance Sheet if marketing expense is treated as assets Amount of Non Current Assets would increase after deduction of depreciation on the relevant price Which ratios would be impacted? Ans. Following ration would be impacted due to the mentioned changes ROIC ROE Total Asset Turnover ROA References Gad, S. (2013).The Market Value Versus Book Value | Investopedia.Investopedia. Retrieved 23 March 2016, from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/110613/market-value-versus-book-value.asp Stock:Visa (V). (2016).Wikinvest.com. Retrieved 23 March 2016, from https://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Visa_(V)

Compare and Contrast Melody and Structure in the Brahms free essay sample

Romantic era began. This is where composers began to experiment more with their structure, making it as complex as possible, but still making sure that the listener can here lots of deferent motifs. This idea is basically having a few themes and using these to create different sections through augmentation and fragmentation etc. Also melodies became more flamboyant with composers adding in more chromatic lines to their melodies.Brahms is a composer n which melody is not the key focus, but still does in fact use it to his advantage. As a romantic composer Brahms definitely uses the features of the romantic era in his music, for example, the augmentation of motifs. This happens regularly throughout the piece but specifically he does an augmentation of the x motif In bar 105-108. Another melodic feature that Is present In this Plano Quintet Is the use of ornamentation. This helps to create decoration to the melody line and Is seen In the y motif at bar 109. The last melodic feature that Brahms predominantly uses is rests and staccatos.This creates a Jerky melody throughout for the strings and piano to play. Debussy in contrast, uses smooth melodies, by using slurs, which is shown from the first bar to create his description of the poem. Another contrast to Brahms, is that Debussy uses solos and unaccompanied melodies In his composition and Brahms never lets a part play on Its own. Debussy mall and famous solo that he uses for the melody is in the flute at bar 1. Furthermore, he also uses whole tone scales to be able to create a different melody that has not been used before, and this is shown at bar 31 and 32 in the clarinet.Similarly to Brahms, Debussy decorates his melody, however not with ornamentation but with different rhythms so that he can add in extra note flurrys. For example, the rhythm In bar 3 In the flute, at bar 21-22 has been decorated with deem-semi triplets. Opulence scholarly uses ornamentation In the way that Brahms does in his piece, for example In bar 10 he has used a type of higher mordents. In addition, a melodic feature which is unique to this composition is the arpeggio figures, which is shown in the trumpet in the first three notes. This appearing figures helps us to establish what key we are in.Furthermore, Just like the Brahms Opulence makes use of our ability to make extreme dynamics for the melody,without having to add Instruments. It starts off quietly until the fourth bar where it Jumps to forte for three homoeopathy notes. Lastly, Opulence uses some chromatically, Just Like Debussy. The chromatic melodic figure that appears in this piece is in the trombone in the Coda. Brahms is very particular about the structure of his composition also. The overall structure of the piece is Ternary Form, which is A-B-A or this case Scherzo-Trio-scherzo. The Scherzo is a movement which is mean to be like a Joke.This structure and Scherzo was Influenced by the Classical period as we were still developing the romantic era at this time-Brahms, decides to experiment with the and C, and these are formed together with a fugal section to form ABACA Fugal SCAB. Furthermore, the Trio also uses its own Ternary form within itself with different themes. Lastly, the structure of the Fugal section is also experimented with to make t complicated and decorative to the listener, so Brahms uses a fugal subject and counterblasts at the same time and changes the points and instruments in which the different counterblasts come in.He ends the Fugal section with a Streets, creating a extra part of structure, which uses fragmented ideas from previous melodies. Similarly to Brahms, Debussy uses a Ternary Form structure of ABA. Furthermore, within the A section there is two subsections and a transitions. You can tell each different subsection because there is something new going on in each section. For example, in AY the main theme of the flute is present, to the transition Inhere the instrumentation changes and the melody starts to get Scalia, and then for the final subsection it has a significant difference of a new tempo.This is a comparison with Brahms because Debussy has also experimented within the structure but has not gone to the extent that Brahms has. Lastly, the whole structure is based on description. Debussy is trying to give a musical/visual image to a tone poem, and this helps him to create his structure throughout, because it needed to adapt to what was going on. The Sonata structure is not in fact in Sonata form, it uses a variation of Ternary form. Again like Brahms and Debussy, he does not Just use ABA, but create a transition and a coda to go with this to create the structure of his whole piece. This is less ambiguous than the other two composers but this is because Opulence was heavily influenced by the neo-classical style. Moreover, to create a contrast within the piece Opulence used extended phrase structures and distinct classical style phrasing to help him clarify his structure e. G. Bars 1-4. In comparison to Brahms, Opulence uses themes within his structure to give each section its own miniature structure, for example, in Section A, bars 1-21, there are three themes A (bal-8) (9-17) and C (18-21). In conclusion, there reasons there are similarities between the pieces are because they are all in similar music periods.All it ranges from is the romantic period, where experimentation started to occur, to the 20th Century when experimentation was at its peak. Also, the reasons there are differences between the pieces is because of their own individuals styles and influences. Brahms is still influenced by the Classical period in some aspects due to being so close to the Classical Period, Debussy is in the middle of two periods so is influenced and his piece pushed the periods forward, and lastly, Opulence was influenced by Neo classicism, and this shows all the composers influences are contrasting.